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Ceramics are a class of materials that have been used by humanity for thousands of years, from ancient pottery to modern high-tech applications. These versatile materials are made by shaping and then firing inorganic, non-metallic substances at high temperatures to create hard, durable objects. Ceramics are known for their strength, thermal stability, aesthetic versatility, and long-lasting durability, making them essential in both everyday items and advanced technological applications.
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Ceramics are typically composed of natural minerals, such as clays, silica, and oxides, or synthetic materials like silicon carbide or boron nitride. These materials are often mixed with water or other binders to form a moldable mass, which is then fired in a kiln or furnace at high temperatures to achieve the desired properties.
In the ceramics field, PbZrO₃ is often combined with Lead Titanate (PbTiO₃) to form Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT)—a solid solution that exhibits outstanding piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties. However, even in its pure form, Lead Zirconate is used in:
